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Water

Virtually all types of water pollution are harmful to the health of humans and animals. Water pollution may not damage our health immediately but can be harmful after long term exposure. Different forms of pollutants affect the health of animals in different ways:

Heavy metals from industrial processes can accumulate in nearby lakes and rivers. These are toxic to marine life such as fish and shellfish, and subsequently to the humans who eat them. Heavy metals can slow development; result in birth defects and some are carcinogenic.

Industrial waste often contains many toxic compounds that damage the health of aquatic animals and those who eat them. Some of the toxins in industrial waste may only have a mild effect whereas other can be fatal. They can cause immune suppression, reproductive failure or acute poisoning.

Microbial pollutants from sewage often result in infectious diseases that infect aquatic life and terrestrial life through drinking water. Microbial water pollution is a major problem in the developing world, with diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever being the primary cause of infant mortality.

Organic matter and nutrients causes an increase in aerobic algae and depletes oxygen from the water column. This causes the suffocation of fish and other aquatic organisms.

Sulphate particles from acid rain can cause harm the health of marine life in the rivers and lakes it contaminates, and can result in mortality.

Suspended particles in freshwater reduces the quality of drinking water for humans and the aquatic environment for marine life. Suspended particles can often reduce the amount of sunlight penetrating the water, disrupting the growth of photosynthetic plants and micro-organisms.

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1.06-139 Outfall from Sturge Biochemicals factory into River Ouse, Yorkshire.
1.06-139 Outfall from Sturge Biochemicals factory into River Ouse, Yorkshire.
1.0605-97 Industrial and domestic rubbish accumulate at side of canal near Gent, Belgium.
1.0605-97 Industrial and domestic rubbish accumulate at side of canal near Gent, Belgium.
Fly dumping, Bow, London.A mixture of old car parts, tyres, oil and waste from a food preparation factory are dumped on waste...
Fly dumping, Bow, London.A mixture of old car parts, tyres, oil and waste from a food preparation factory are dumped on waste land opposite a housing estate in this run down & derelict area.
River Ouse near Selby, Yorks.Discharge from unknown source.
River Ouse near Selby, Yorks.Discharge from unknown source.
1.0614-786 Taking samples for analysis from lagoon of leachate draining from landfill site, Essex.
1.0614-786 Taking samples for analysis from lagoon of leachate draining from landfill site, Essex.
1.0614-561 Outfall of cooling water from Rechem incinerator plant, Fawley.
1.0614-561 Outfall of cooling water from Rechem incinerator plant, Fawley.
Romney marsh, Kent.Standing water in this drainage ditch is completely covered by algae. Romney marsh, Kent. Standing water i...
Romney marsh, Kent.Standing water in this drainage ditch is completely covered by algae. Romney marsh, Kent. Standing water in this drainage ditch is completely covered by algae fed by by nutrients lost from runoff from the fields.
Domestic sewage & industrial waste pours into the riverTees at Portrack, Teeside.
Domestic sewage & industrial waste pours into the riverTees at Portrack, Teeside.
Easington, Durham 1989.British coal dump colliery waste directly into the sea smothering life on the sea bed & blackening bea...
Easington, Durham 1989.British coal dump colliery waste directly into the sea smothering life on the sea bed & blackening beaches.Unemployed ex miners scratch a living collecting coal washed up on beach.
Easington, Durham 1989.British coal dump colliery waste directly into the sea smothering life on the sea bed & blackening bea...
Easington, Durham 1989.British coal dump colliery waste directly into the sea smothering life on the sea bed & blackening beaches.Unemployed ex miners scratch a living collecting coal washed up on beach.
Easington, Durham 1989.British coal dump colliery waste directly into the sea smothering life on the sea bed & blackening bea...
Easington, Durham 1989.British coal dump colliery waste directly into the sea smothering life on the sea bed & blackening beaches.Unemployed ex miners scratch a living collecting coal washed up on beach.
A handful of dried sewage deposited on this River Tees loading point.
A handful of dried sewage deposited on this River Tees loading point.
Stolen car burned out & dumped by joy riders on Cooling Marshes near Cliffe on the Kent coast.Thames Estuary, UK.
Stolen car burned out & dumped by joy riders on Cooling Marshes near Cliffe on the Kent coast.Thames Estuary, UK.
Waste water outlet from Amylum factory in Aalst town centre.
Waste water outlet from Amylum factory in Aalst town centre.
Surfers Against Sewage beach cleaning at Greenwich, London.May 28, 2011.
Surfers Against Sewage beach cleaning at Greenwich, London.May 28, 2011.
Tributary of River Schelde, Antwerp, Belgium polluted by sewage & industrial waste.
Tributary of River Schelde, Antwerp, Belgium polluted by sewage & industrial waste.
Seaton Carew, Durham.A sewage outfall dumps a mixture of shit, tampons, used condoms & nappies.
Seaton Carew, Durham.A sewage outfall dumps a mixture of shit, tampons, used condoms & nappies.
1.0614-616 Leachate from landfill site in a storage lagoon being oxygenated.
1.0614-616 Leachate from landfill site in a storage lagoon being oxygenated.
Leachate from landfill site in a storage lagoon being sprayed onto the land to remove chlorides before oxygenating and discha...
Leachate from landfill site in a storage lagoon being sprayed onto the land to remove chlorides before oxygenating and discharging to nearby river.Calvert, Bucks 1993.
Rubbish, waste & grease from the Amylum factory in Aalst town centre, Belgium.
Rubbish, waste & grease from the Amylum factory in Aalst town centre, Belgium.
Algae and flotsam on the River Lea, east London.
Algae and flotsam on the River Lea, east London.
1.0602-9 Uncontrolled dumping by local industry on the north bank of Thames at Rainham Marshes, Essex.
1.0602-9 Uncontrolled dumping by local industry on the north bank of Thames at Rainham Marshes, Essex.
Rubbish in Grand Union canal, London 2004.
Rubbish in Grand Union canal, London 2004.
Waste water treatment works at Canterbury, Kent run by Southern Water plc.
Waste water treatment works at Canterbury, Kent run by Southern Water plc.
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